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A proxy often referred to as proxy server software that acts as an intermediary between a client and a server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, users would send a request to an item directly to a server and the server would deliver the resource directly to the client. Although this method is easy to comprehend and implement the addition of proxies can bring advantages in terms of increased performance and privacy, security and much more. Apart from adding a layer of security, proxies act as a security guardian for the internet, separating clients from servers.




The general consensus is that the collection of servers and the hardware that is used along with proxy software is often called proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxies which are usually classified as software and within the context of web servers. This article will give a synopsis of the two main types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own use and can be confusing because of a similar naming convention.




This article will provide you with an idea of the nature of proxies and the subtypes of them, as well as how they work in the common configurations. By reading this article, you'll discover how to identify the scenarios in which it is beneficial to utilize a proxy and decide on the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy, in any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



In another way forward proxy also referred to as or an open proxy is a proxy of a user who would like to make an internet-based request to an origin server. In this scenario every attempt to send requests from the client's side will be directed straight via the forward proxy. This forward proxy in the in the place of the customer, will examine the request. The first step is to determine if the user is authorized receive requests from this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to deny a request and forward it to the original server. The client isn't able to have direct access to the internet. It can only access what the forward proxy permits it access to.




The most popular reason to use forward proxies is to increase privacy or security on the internet. A forward proxy can be used to access the internet in the place of a client and as such it can use an IP address that is different from the original IP address that the client uses.




Depending on how it's been set up in the past, forward proxy servers can offer a wide range of choices and permit you to:




Avoid ad tracking.


Circumvent surveillance.


You can determine limitations based on your geographic place of residence.




Forward proxies can also be utilized in systems that offer central security and permission-based access, for example, in the workplace. When all traffic on the internet passes through an open forward proxy layer, administrators can limit access to those clients who are and filter it through a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls for the client layer which could comprise a variety of devices that are different in user and environment the firewall could be placed into the forward proxy layer.




Be aware that forward proxy settings must be manually configured for use to function and reverse proxy settings can be ignored by clients. Depending on whether the IP address of a client is sent to the origin server via the forward proxy, privacy and anonymity may be granted or not.




There are several alternatives to think about for forward proxies




Apache is a well-known open-source webserver that includes forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another well-known open-source webserver with forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. It doesn't provide a complete Web server service. Follow our step-by-step instructions to create Squid proxy to permit private connections within Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante forward proxy, which uses on the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better suitable for situations like peer-to-topeer connections. You can also examine how you can install the Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of web servers, which handles the incoming requests of clients in its place. Web servers can comprise a server or multiple servers. It could also be a server for applications like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios, the request for an application comes through the internet in general. In most cases, the request will be directly sent to the web server along with the data the user is seeking. Reverse proxy, however, serves as an intermediary shielding Web server from any direct interactions with the web's public.




From a consumer's point perspective, which is also a user's viewpoint, interfacing using a reverse proxy is identical to using direct connections to an internet server. It's exactly the same however the user is unable to see the distinction. The client asks for the resource, and is then provided with it, with no additional configuration needed from the client.




Reverse proxies can provide features such as:




Secured centrally to protect Web Server Layer.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can set up.


The caching function has been added to the app.




While centralized security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies provide this feature only to the server layer and only the layer that clients use. Instead of managing firewalls on the web server layer, which may contain many servers and various configurations, the majority of firewall security can be concentrated on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the responsibility to interact with firewalls as well as interacting with requests from clients outside of web servers permits them to focus on meeting the requirements of their customers.




If there are multiple servers being hosted using a reverse-proxy, the reverse proxy is responsible for directing which requests go at the server. There may be several web servers providing the same content, providing different kinds of content or a mix of both. These servers can be using the HTTP protocol in the same way as a standard web server however, they may also use different protocols for application servers such as FastCGI. You can also set up reverse proxy to redirect clients to specific servers in accordance with the requested resource or comply with specific rules pertaining to traffic load.




Reverse proxies can also make use of their location before web servers by delivering the ability to cache. Large static assets can be set up by using caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with each request. There are solutions even allowing users to serve static files directly without having to connect to a web server even once. Additionally reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The popular Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. Although Apache is also a reverse proxy option however, the Apache web server is also equipped with a reverse proxy function as an additional characteristic of Apache however Nginx was designed initially for and focuses on its reverse proxy feature.



Differentiating Forward Proxy and reverse Proxy Examples



Since "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality, as well as false comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic the labels could be confusing, as both types of proxies deal with requests and responses. An alternative method to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy is to examine the requirements of the application you're creating.




A reverse proxy could be beneficial when creating a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web server whenever you connect to the web.




Forward proxy is useful when it is displayed in front of customers to use for personal reasons or in a corporate environment. They represent your clients when you interact with the internet.




A case-based distinction instead of focusing on common naming conventions can aid in eliminating confusion.



Conclusion



This article defined the meaning of a proxy using two types: the forward proxy and the reverse proxy. Practical applications and a review of the beneficial features were utilized to differentiate between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested to learn more about how to implement proxy servers, you can refer to our tutorial on how to configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy with Apache using the Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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