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It is a proxy, also called a proxy server. It's a software that serves in the role of a intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without the use of a proxy, clients can send a request or resource to the server directly and the server will serve the resource directly back at the request of the customer. While this approach is straightforward to grasp and implement, the addition of proxies could bring advantages in the form of improved performance and privacy, security and many more. As a pass-through layer a proxy acts as a security guardian of the internet between clients and servers.




The general consensus is that the combination of server hardware and the software for proxy installation is usually referred to by the name of proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are typically considered to be software, as well as in the context of web servers. There will be a discussion of the two primary types of proxy servers, which include a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. They each have their own use scenario that is frequently misunderstood because of the similar terminology.




This article will give you an understanding of what proxies are and what subtypes they are and how they function in the common configurations. After having read this article, you'll be able to identify the scenarios that you can gain from a proxy. You'll then select the most appropriate reverse and forward proxy options for any particular situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy, also known in the form of open proxy. open proxy is the agent of a user who would like to make a request through the internet to a source server. In this instance, the whole request sent by the user will be transferred to the forward proxy. This forward proxy, acting in the client's stead, will scrutinize the request. The first step is to determine whether the client is allowed to accept requests through this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to decline a request and forward it to its origin server. The client isn't capable of having an internet connection directly. It can access only what forward proxy allows for it to be connected to.




A common use of forward proxy is to achieve more privacy or security online. A forward proxy is able to connect to the internet instead of a client and as such it can utilize an IP address that is different from the initial IP address.




Based on the way it has been configured, the forward proxy will offer different functions, based upon the way it has been configured that allows you to:




Stay clear of tracking ads.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions that are based on your area.




Forward proxies can also be used to secure systems that are centralized and based on permission access like in the workplace. All internet traffic can pass through an open forward proxy. administrators can allow just a few users connection to internet via a common firewall. Instead of establishing firewalls for the client layer which may comprise a variety of computers with different settings and users A firewall can be placed in the intermediate layer of forward proxy.




It is important to remember that forward proxies need to be manually set up to use, however reverse proxy servers will be ignored by users. Depending on the type of IP address of the user is transferred to the server that originated it from the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or unnoticed.




There are numerous possibilities to explore for forward proxy options:




Apache: A popular open-source webserver that offers forward-looking proxy services.


Nginx is a popular open-source web server that has forward proxy features.


Squid is an open source forward proxy that uses the HTTP protocol. It does not come with an all-inclusive Web server software. You can check out our instructions on setting up Squid proxy for private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it better to handle peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to explore how you can set up an Dante proxy to connect privately in Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



Reverse proxy is the web server which handles requests from clients in its place. The web server may serve as a single server, or as a set of servers. In addition, it could be used as an app server, such as Gunicorn. In any of these situations, the request will come from an internet-connected user. Typically, the request is directly sent to the web server, which contains the resources the user wants. Instead, a reverse proxy works as an intermediary, separating it from direct contact with the open internet.




From the point of view of the client, interacting with reverse proxy is not different from interacting with your webserver directly. It's functionally the same and the user is unable to tell the difference. The client sends a request for a resource and then receiving it with no further configuration by the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




Secured centrally for Web Server Layer.


Sending traffic to be directed in accordance with rules you decide to define.


Additional functions for caching.




While centralized security is an advantage of both reverse and forward proxy servers, reverse proxy servers provide this benefit to the web server layer, but not to the client layer. Instead of maintaining firewalls at the server level that can include several servers that have different configurations, the bulk of firewall security could be concentrated at the reverse proxy layer. In addition, getting rid of the hassle of dealing with firewalls and communicating with requests coming from clients far from web servers lets them focus on serving the resources.




If there are multiple servers that are running through a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy determines the way requests are routed to which server. There may be several web servers that provide the same service, each providing different types of resources or a mix of both. They may utilize the HTTP protocol as a conventional web server, however they might also include protocols for application servers like FastCGI. You can set up reverse proxy servers to direct users to specific servers based on the resource they request or to observe specific rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also profit from their placement over web servers, as they provide caching functionality. The large static files can be set up with caching rules in order to avoid the web server from being hit with every request, with certain solutions providing the option to upload static files directly, without connecting to a web server even once. Additionally, reverse proxy can handle compression of these files.




The popular Nginx webserver is an extremely popular reverse proxy service. Although Apache has a reverse proxy solution, this Apache web server has reverse proxy functions as an additional option to Apache however Nginx was initially designed and focused on reverse proxy functionality.



Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use. Differentiating Forward and Reverse Proxy Use



Since "forward" and "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false connections to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can confuse because both types of proxies are able to handle requests and responses. In addition, the most effective method to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy is an important aspect when developing a solution to serve websites on the internet. They act as your web server in any interaction with the internet.




A forward proxy is beneficial for use in front of customers for your personal usage, or in a work environment. They serve as the proxy for your client through any interaction with the internet.




Utilizing use cases to differentiate instead of focusing on the common naming conventions makes it easier to avoid confusion.



Conclusion



The article explained the significance of a proxy, with the two primary types being the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical scenarios for using them as well as a discussion of most useful features were utilized to differentiate between forward proxies and reverse proxy. If you're interested to learn more about the possibilities of proxies, then you can check out our tutorial on how you can set up Nginx as an reverse proxy and internet server with Apache on the Ubuntu 20.04 Server.



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