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An proxy or proxy server is software that sits as an intermediary between a client and server over the internet. Without a proxy, a client will send a request to an item directly a server, and then the server will serve the requested resource directly to the user. Although this method is easy to understand and use, using proxies has advantages such as greater performance, privacy, security, among others. In addition to passing through, proxies act as a security layer for the internet between servers and users.




It is generally accepted that the combined system of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is commonly referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are usually described in terms of software as well as those that are utilized in conjunction with web servers. This article will provide a brief overview of the two primary types of proxies: those that are a one that is forward and the reverse proxy. Each has their own use that can cause confusion because of a similar language.




This article will provide you with an idea of the how proxies work and what their subtypes are, and their utility in a variety of configurations. After reading the article you will understand how to identify the scenarios in which a proxy is beneficial, and determine the best choice for forward proxy or reverse proxy based on the specific situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



Forward proxy, also known as the open proxy serves as a representative for a client who attempts to send an online request to a server. In this case, the whole attempt to send requests from the client will be controlled by the forward proxy. A forward-proxy, acting in the place of the client will examine the request. First, it will verify if the client has been authorized to transmit requests using this particular forward proxy. It will then deny a application and send it back to its source server. The client is not able to have direct connection directly to internet. It can access only the information that the forward proxy allows it access to.




A common use case of forward proxies is to provide greater privacy or security online. A forward proxy is connected to the internet instead of a client. in this process it is using an alternative IP address from that of the client's original IP address.




Based on how it has been set up in accordance with the method of configuration, a forward proxy could offer a range of features dependent on the way it's configured. This allows you to:




Beware of ad-tracker.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find out the restrictions that apply to the location you are in.




Forward proxies can also be used in systems that rely on central security and permission based access, for instance, in workplaces. When all internet traffic is routed through an open forward proxy layer, the administrator is able to limit access to only a small set of users to the internet filtered through an common firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer which may comprise several devices with various environments and users, you can set up a firewall at the front proxy layer.




It is crucial to keep in mind the fact that forward proxy servers need to be manually configured for use, whereas reverse proxies are often not noticed by clients. Based on the type of IP address of the client, it is sent to the server that originated it by forward proxy privacy and security may be granted or left in the dark.




There are many choices to think about for forward proxies:




Apache is a well-known open-source web server with forward proxy capability.


Nginx: Another well-known open source web server, which has forward proxy features.


Squid: A free forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. Squid doesn't come with a complete web server application. It is possible to read our guide on how to configure Squid proxy to allow private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante Forward Proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead HTTP, making it better for use in situations like peer-to-peer communication. You can also discover how to set up an Dante proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy is an agent for web servers that handle any requests made by clients on behalf of. The web server could consist of a single server, or a number of servers. Additionally, it could be an application server such as Gunicorn. In any case, the request will come from an internet user in general. The majority of the time, requests will get made directly to the web server, which is equipped with all the resources the client in need of. Contrarily reverse proxy acts as an intermediary, and separates Web server from direct contact with the open internet.




From a consumer's point perspective, using reverse proxy isn't any different from interacting with an internet server direct. It's the same thing however the user cannot discern the distinction. The client requests this resource and it is then granted without additional configurations that need to be completed by the client.




Reverse proxies provide features such as:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic inbound based on rules you can establish.


A new feature to cache has been added.




While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxies offer this to only the server layer, but not the client layer. Instead of establishing firewalls on Web server layers, which could include multiple servers and various configurations, most security for firewalls is focused on the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with firewalls and communicating with clients outside of web servers permits the firewall to concentrate on delivering the needs of their clients.




In the event of multiple servers operating within a reverse proxy it also manages controlling which requests go to which servers. A number of web servers could be working within the exact same system, providing various kinds of services or a mix of both. These servers utilize the HTTP protocol, which is similar to a traditional web server. They can also be equipped with other protocols for application servers like FastCGI. It is possible to configure a reverse proxy to direct the clients towards specific servers based on the type of resource they're searching for, or comply with certain rules for traffic load.




Reverse proxies also have the ability to benefit from their positioning prior to web servers, through offering caching capabilities. Large static assets can to be configured with caching rules to avoid having to connect with web servers every time you request. Some solutions offering an option to directly serve static files without touching the server once. Additionally reverse proxy is able to handle compression of these assets.




The well-known Nginx web server also functions as a reliable reverse proxy solution. Although it is real it's true Apache web server is outfitted with a reverse proxy, it can be used in conjunction with Apache however Nginx was initially designed for and focuses on reverse proxy capabilities.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from reverse Proxy Use Examples



Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality, they can lead to inaccurate comparisons with "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic. They could be confusing because both types of proxies process requests and respond. A better approach to distinguish between reverse and forward proxy services is to take into account the needs of the application you're creating.




Reverse proxy can be useful when you are creating a solution for offering web-based services via the internet. They act as your servers in any interactions through the Internet.




Forward proxy applications are beneficial when it is placed in front of the client for your personal usage and in the professional environment. They are your client's representative when you connect to the internet.




Utilizing case-based differentiation instead of focusing on the standard naming conventions will assist you in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarified what a proxy is with two types: the forward proxy and reverse proxy. Practical applications and an exploration of beneficial features were used to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the use of proxy servers then you should read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy using Apache running an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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