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A proxy is also known as the software that serves as an intermediary between client and server on the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, a user could send a request to resources directly to a server and servers would provide the requested resource directly to the user. It is an easy process to grasp and use the addition of proxy servers could bring benefits such as enhanced performance as well as privacy, security and much more. As an additional pass-through layer, proxies act as a gatekeeper of the internet between clients and servers.




In general, the integrated set of server hardware along with the software for proxy installation is typically called proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxy servers that are generally referred to as software as when referring to web servers. This article will give details of the two main types, namely which are a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has a distinct usage scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar namesake convention.




This article will give you an idea of the types of proxy services, what their subtypes, as well as the ways they can be useful for common setups. If you read in this post, you'll be able discern the scenarios where it's beneficial to utilize proxy services and make the appropriate choice between forward and reverse proxy, in any situation.



Understanding Forward Proxies



The forward proxy also referred to in the context of or an open proxy serves as the agent of the client, trying to make an internet request to an the server which made it. In this scenario any attempts to send requests made by the user are instead directed straight through the forward proxy. In this situation, the forward proxy on behalf of the client will scrutinize the request. It first will determine if the client can make requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either deny requests or redirect it to the server it originated from. The client isn't able to have an internet connection directly. It can access only what the forward proxy allows the client to access.




The primary reason for people to make use of forward proxy servers is to improve privacy or anonymity on the internet. A forward proxy uses the internet in lieu of an individual client and, in doing so it can make use of an alternative IP address in place of the primary IP address of the client.




Depending on the method by which it's configured the forward proxy will offer a range of features and permit you to:




Beware of ads that track you.


Circumvent surveillance.


Find restrictions based on the location.




Forward proxies may also be used in systems that provide centralized security and access that is based upon permissions, like in a workplace. If all traffic on the internet flows through an open forward proxy layer the administrator is able to permit only a small number of clients access to the internet using a common firewall. Instead of maintaining firewalls on the client layer, which can involve many machines with varying settings and users it is possible to have the firewall configured an intermediary layer.




Take note that forward proxies need to be set up manually for the use of these proxies, whereas reverse proxies can be ignored by clients. Based on the type of IP address of a user is transmitted to the origin server via the forward proxy security and privacy can be granted or kept in the dark.




There are many alternatives to look into for forward proxies:




Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server, that offers forward proxy features.


Nginx: Another widely used open-source webserver, which includes forward proxy capabilities.


Squid: An open source forward proxy which uses an HTTP protocol. This option doesn't include the complete website server program. We have a tutorial on how you can install Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.


Dante is a forward proxy that operates using the SOCKS protocol in place of HTTP so that it is more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer connections. It is also possible to learn how to create a Dante proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04



Understanding Reverse Proxies



A reverse proxy acts as a representative of a web server that handles incoming requests from clients on behalf of. This web server may include one server or several servers. It could also function as an app server like Gunicorn. In any of these scenarios a request could come from a user via the internet in general. The majority of the time, this request is sent directly to the website server hosting the information the client wants. Reverse proxy acts as an intermediary to shield Web server from direct contact with the public internet.




From the point of the client's point of view, using reverse proxy is not the same as working with a the Web server directly. It's basically the same thing, however clients aren't able tell the distinction. Client makes request for the resource and it gets it, without any extra configuration required from the user.




Reverse proxies provide features like:




A central layer of security that protects the server.


Controlling traffic coming inbound on rules you can define.


New functionality added for caching.




Central security is a benefit for both forward and reverse proxy servers, reverse proxy servers provide this feature only to the layer on the webserver rather than the client layer. Instead of coordinating firewalls on the server level that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of security for firewalls is centered upon the reverse proxy. Also, the removal of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls as well as interfacing with requests from clients off of web servers allows firewalls to focus on providing resources.




If there are multiple servers connected to a reverse proxy, the reverse proxy determines the requests to the server. There may be multiple web servers providing identical content, supplying different types of services or a combination of both. These servers could be running the HTTP protocol similar to the traditional web server. But, they may be equipped with applications server protocols like FastCGI. There is the possibility to set up a reverse proxy to send visitors to specific server depending on the service being requested or to follow certain guidelines for traffic load.




Reverse proxies may also benefit from their position prior to web servers through the capability to store data. The large static files can be configured using caching rules to prevent having to call web servers on every request. Some solutions even allowing you to serve static files directly without having to contact the web server for even one time. In addition reverse proxy can manage the compression for these files.




The popular Nginx web server can also function as an effective reverse proxy service. Although Apache has a reverse proxy solution but the Apache web server also comes fitted with an reverse proxy function as an added option for Apache as opposed to Nginx was initially developed for and focuses on reverse proxy functions.



Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Use Cases



Since "forward" and "reverse" have connotations of directionality as well as false comparisons to "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic The labels could be confusing because both types of proxies deal with the process of responding to requests. The best way to distinguish between reverse and forward proxies is to examine the requirements of the app you're developing.




Reverse proxy is a useful tool when you're creating a solution for serving web-based applications over the internet. They act as your web servers every time you use the internet.




A forward proxy can be helpful when it is displayed before clients for your personal use and in professional context. They represent your client's web traffic during any interaction on the internet.




The practice of separating by use case rather than using the same names can help in avoiding confusion.



Conclusion



This article clarifies the meaning of a proxy, with two types: the forward proxy as well as the reverse. Practical scenarios for application and an exploration of beneficial attributes were used to identify forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you'd like to explore the implementation of proxies then you should learn how you can configure Nginx to act as an Internet server and reverse proxy for Apache using an Ubuntu 20.04 server.



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