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A proxy, also known as a proxy often referred to as a proxy server, is software which acts as a mediator between client and server on the internet. Without proxy, a user will send a request directly to a server and it will serve that resource to its user directly. Although this is a simple process to comprehend and implement using proxies, it can offer benefits in terms of increased performance as well as privacy, security and many more. In addition to providing a layer of pass-through proxy functions as a security guard for the internet between servers and users.

The general set of server hardware and proxy software is often referred to as proxy servers. In this article, we'll concentrate on proxy servers that are typically described as software, as well as in the context of web servers. This article will give a detailed breakdown of the two primary types of proxy servers: the forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each type has a different application, and is frequently confused due to the similar namesake convention.

This article will give you an idea of the what proxy services and their subtypes, as well as their significance in standard setups. After reading this post, you'll be able to understand how to recognize the situations where a reliable proxy can be beneficial, and choose the correct alternative between forward and reverse proxy depending on the circumstance.

Understanding Forward Proxies

A forward proxy, also known as an open proxy, also known as an open serves as an intermediary for the client who is trying to transmit a request over the internet to a source server. In this instance, any request made by the user will be directed direct through forward-proxy. A forward proxy acting in the place of the client will examine the request. It will first decide if the client's allowed be able to accept requests through this specific forward proxy. Then, it will deny any request or forward it to the original server. The client has no directly access to internet. It has access to only what forward proxy grants its access.

One of the most common uses for forward proxies is to increase privacy or security while using the internet. Forward proxy makes use of the internet as the client, and in the process, it will use an alternative IP address to the original IP address of the client.

Based on the way it has been configured depending on how it is configured, forward proxy may offer a range of features depending on how it is configured that allow users to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  You can determine limitations based on your geographic place of residence.
  
  

Forward proxies are also utilized in systems that provide central security and permission-based access, like at a workplace. All internet traffic can pass via an open forward proxy, an administrator is able to limit access to specific clients to the internet that is protected by a standard firewall. Instead of having firewalls in place for the client layer that may include multiple computers with different configurations and users there is the option to have a firewall located at the layer that forwards proxy traffic.

Note the forward proxy setting must be manually set up to use however reverse proxies will be not considered by the client. Depending on whether the IP address of a user is transmitted to the server where it originated by the forward proxy, privacy and security can be granted or hidden.

There are many options to consider for forward proxy options:

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  Apache is a well-known open source web server, that offers forward proxy functions.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another widely used open-source web hosting server with forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Squid is an open-source forward proxy which uses an HTTP protocol. It's not the complete web server. Read our tutorial on how to install Squid proxy for private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy that uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP to make it better suitable for peer-to-peer traffic. You might also want to know how to configure Dante proxy for connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy functions as the web server, which takes care of the incoming requests of customers on behalf of. The web server could be a single, or multiple servers. It could also be an application server such as Gunicorn. In all of these scenarios, an application request comes through the internet. In most cases, the request would be sent directly to the server, which will provide the information the client is requesting. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, and separates your server from interaction with the internet's open.

From the viewpoint of the client an individual's viewpoint reverse proxy is a process that reverse proxy isn't any different than communicating with Web server in direct communication. It's the same thing and the client is unable to tell the difference. The client requests the resource, which is then followed by the receipt with no additional configuration needed for the end-user.

Reverse proxies offer options like:

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  A centralized layer of security that protects the server.
  
  
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  Incoming traffic is directed based on rules you decide to define.
  
  
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  New feature added to caching.
  
  

Although centralized security can be a benefit of both reverse and forward proxy, reverse proxies apply this for the web server layer but not to the client layer. instead of being focused on the maintenance of firewalls at the server level, which may contain many servers and different configurations, the majority of firewall security is targeted towards the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, the elimination of the responsibility of interfacing with firewalls and interacting with requests from clients far from web servers permits them to concentrate on delivering the requirements of their customers.

In the event of multiple servers existing through a reverse proxy reverse proxy also is responsible to direct which requests go via which server. There could be multiple web servers offering the same content, each providing different services, or a mix of the two. They could be running the HTTP protocol that is the standard web server, but they can also include other protocols used by application servers like FastCGI. You can also configure reverse proxy settings to direct users to a specific server based on the service requested or to comply with specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.

Reverse proxies benefit from their placement over web servers, by providing the ability to cache data. The large static files can be configured with caching policy to avoid the web server from being hit with every request. Some solutions providing the option to directly serve static assets without contacting servers on the internet in any manner. Furthermore, the reverse proxy can manage compressing these assets.

The well-known Nginx web server is also used as a well-known reverse proxy option. Although there is a similar feature in the Apache web server, it has a reverse proxy features as an added option that is accessible for Apache however Nginx was initially designed to and is focused on reverse proxy functionality.

Differentiating Forward Proxy and Reverse Proxy Use Situations

Since "forward" in addition to "reverse" conveys the notion of directionality and misleading comparisons with "incoming" as well as "outgoing" traffic, these labels can be confusing because both kinds of proxy systems process requests as well as responses. In addition, the most effective method to differentiate between both reverse and forward proxies is to research the specifications of the application that you're building.

Reverse proxy is beneficial when you are developing a solution to serve applications that are online. They act as your web servers whenever you connect to the internet.

Forward proxy is beneficial when they are placed in front of customers for the purpose of your own use or in a work setting. They represent your client traffic through any interaction with the internet.

A case-based distinction instead of focusing on common naming conventions can aid in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

In this article, we explained what aproxy is with the two main types that are forward and reverse proxy. Practical applications as well as a review of the benefits were used to distinguish forward proxies and reverse proxies. If you're interested in learning more about the implementation of proxy servers You can read our guide on how to set up Nginx as a reverse proxy and webserver proxy using Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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