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An proxy is also known by the name of a proxy. It is a program that acts to act as an intermediary for client and server over the internet. Without the proxy, a client would be able to send a request to anything directly to the server, and servers would deliver direct to users who requested the resource. Although this method is easy to understand and use, however, the addition of proxy servers can offer advantages like increased performance, privacy and security, among others. As an additional layer of protection, proxies act as a guardian for the internet between clients and servers.

The consensus is that the hardware for servers, paired with proxy software is also often referred as proxy servers. However, this article will focus on proxies that are traditionally referred to as software, specifically with respect with web server. This article will provide a brief overview of the two primary types of proxies: a forward proxy and a reverse proxy. Each has its own use, which could be confusing because of the identical namestamp.

This article will provide you with an understanding of what proxies and their subtypes are, as well as their importance in common configurations. By reading this article you'll recognize the situations where you can benefit from a proxy and make the right option between reverse proxy and forward proxy for any situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy also referred to as open proxy, sometimes referred to as open proxy acts as an agent for the user who wishes to transmit a request through the internet to an source server. In this scenario, every request made by the client will be sent through this forward proxy. A forward proxy in the instead of the user will review the request. It first will determine if the client is allowed to accept requests via this specific forward proxy. Then, it will either reject requests or send it back to server from which it originated. The client is not capable of having direct access to the internet. it will only be capable of accessing the information that the forward proxy gives its access.

One of the most popular applications for forward proxy servers is to provide greater privacy or security on internet. Forward proxy connects to the internet instead of a client's individual account, and during that process it can use another IP address, in contrast to the original IP address used by the user.

Depending on how it's set up, and how it's set up forward proxy could provide many features and allow you to:

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  Avoid tracking ads.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Determine restrictions based on geolocation.
  
  

Forward proxies can also be used in systems that provide central security and permit-based access to the internet, for instance at a workplace. If all internet traffic flows through a common forward proxy layer administrators are able to allow only specific clients access to the internet. This is filtered by an common firewall. Instead of keeping firewalls in place for the client layer that could include multiple machines with different user configurations, firewalls could be placed at the proxy layer that is in front.

Keep in mind that forward proxy servers must be set up manually for be used, while reverse proxies can be not recognized by the client. According to the kind of IP address a client is sent to the server that generated it through the forward proxy, security and privacy can be made transparent.

There are a variety of options to take into consideration in determining forward proxy:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy capability.
  
  
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  Nginx is another popular open-source webserver that includes forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Squid: A free and open source forward proxy that utilizes the HTTP protocol. The option does not include the whole web server. We recommend you read our article about the best way for installing Squid proxy to enable private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante is a forward proxy which uses the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP this makes it suitable for scenarios like peer-to-peer traffic. You can also learn how to set up the Dante proxy to allow connection to private networks in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

Reverse proxy acts as the web server, which takes care of requests from customers on behalf of the server. The server could function as a single server or multiple servers. It could also include an application servers, like Gunicorn. In any of these situations the request will be made via the web at large. Most of the time the request is made directly to the server with all the resources the user requires. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary and separates your server from communications with the web's public.

From a consumer's point view from a client's perspective reverse proxy use is not different from connecting directly to an internet server. It's functionally the same but the client isn't able to discern the difference. The client requests the resource, and it is then granted access without any additional configuration needed from the client.

Reverse proxies provide various features, including:

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  A central layer of security to protect the server.
  
  
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  Controlling traffic inbound based on rules that you can establish.
  
  
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  A new feature to cache is now available.
  
  

Although central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy solutions, reverse proxies provide this benefit only to the server layer and not the client layer. instead of maintaining firewalls on the server level which could include multiple servers with different configurations, the majority of firewall security can be directed at the reverse proxy layer. Furthermore, taking the burden of communicating with firewalls and responding to requests from clients not connected to web servers permits them to focus solely on meeting the requirements of their clients.

In the event of multiple servers being hosted through a reverse proxy it also handles the routing of requests towards the server that is hosting them. Multiple web servers could be providing the exact same service, serving different types of resources or a mixture of the two. They may use an HTTP protocol to function as a normal web server, however they could also incorporate applications server protocols like FastCGI. You can create reverse proxy servers to direct clients to specific servers based on the request for resource, or to follow certain rules for traffic volume.

Reverse proxies also can utilize their position prior to web servers by providing caching capabilities. Large static files can be set using caching rules to prevent getting to web servers for each time a request is made. There are solutions offering the possibility of serving static content directly, without having to communicate with the webserver at all. In addition, reverse proxy is able to manage compressing these files.

The well-known Nginx web server is a very popular reverse proxy choice. It is true that it is true that the Apache web server is able to use the ability to reverse proxy as an added feature for Apache but Nginx was initially designed and is focused on the reverse proxy function.

Distinguishing Forward Proxy from Reverse Proxy Examples

Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with an impression of directionality and false comparisons with "incoming" or "outgoing" traffic could be confusing because both kinds of proxies process requests and response. A better approach to differentiate between forward and reverse proxy servers would be to look at the requirements of the application you're creating.

Reverse proxy is an important feature in the development of a method to run web applications on the internet. They act as your servers when you interact with the Internet.

Forward proxy can be useful for displaying customers to your personal use or in a work environment. They represent the client's information when you connect to the internet.

A distinction based on use cases instead of focusing on similar naming conventions will make it easier to avoid confusion.

Conclusion

The article clarified definition of a proxy with two types of them being the reverse and forward proxy. Practical applications as well as an exploration of the beneficial attributes were utilized to determine forward proxies as well as reverse proxy. If you're interested exploring the use in proxy server, read our guide on how you can configure Nginx as a web server and reverse proxy in Apache in an Ubuntu 20.04 Server.

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