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The word "proxy" is a reference to a proxy or proxy server. It is a software that functions as mediator between client and server over the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, a user could submit a request for the server directly, and then the server will provide an answer directly for the requester. Although this approach is simple to comprehend and implement using proxy servers, it does offer advantages in terms of enhanced performance and privacy, security and more. As an additional layer of pass-through, a proxy acts as a security guardian for the internet between clients and servers.

It is generally accepted that the mix of hardware for servers and installed proxy software is generally referred to as proxy servers. This article will concentrate on proxies which are usually described as software as well as being used in conjunction with web servers. The article will provide a description of the two kinds: forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each type has its own usage scenario, which is often not understood due to the identical namesake convention.

This article will provide you with the understanding of what subtypes and proxies are and what they can perform in the most commonly used configurations. After reading this article, it will be able identify scenarios where using proxies can be beneficial, and choose the best choice between reverse proxy and forward proxy depending on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy sometimes known as the open proxy is an agent used by the user looking to transmit an online request to a server. In this scenario, the entire attempt to send requests made by the client will instead be sent by the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client will examine the request. It will first determine whether the client is authorized to send requests via this particular forward proxy. It will then deny requests or redirect it to the original server. The client doesn't have a direct access to the internet. It has access to only the information that the forward proxy permits it to access.

The most popular reason to utilize forward proxy is the need for more privacy or security online. Forward proxy connects to internet instead of the client and, in this way, it is using an IP address that is different from the IP address of the client.

Based on the way it was created, the forward proxy will offer a variety of functions depending on how it is configured and lets you:

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  Beware of ad-tracker.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on your location.
  
  

Forward proxies are also used in systems that provide central security and access that is based on permissions like in workplaces. If all internet traffic flows through an open forward proxy the administrator can limit access to a limited number of users accessing the internet, which is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls for clients, the layer could comprise multiple computers with different settings and users, the firewall could be installed at the layer which forwards proxy traffic.

It is important to be aware of the fact that forward proxy servers require manual configuration to be used, while reverse proxies could be overlooked from the clients. Based on the type of IP address of a user is transmitted to the server that originated it by the forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or kept in the dark.

There are many alternatives to think about in the case of forward proxy options:

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  Apache is an incredibly well-known open source web server that provides forward proxy capabilities.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that has the ability to forward-proxy.
  
  
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  Squid is an open source forward proxy that utilizes an HTTP protocol. It's not part of the full Web server. There is a video tutorial on how you can set up Squid proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suitable for situations such as peer-to-peer traffic. You can also discover how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy functions as acting as an agent on behalf of a web server which handles incoming requests from users on behalf of. The web server may consist of a single server or a number of servers. It may also act for application servers such as Gunicorn. In all cases, the request will be made via the internet, generally. In the majority of cases, your request is sent straight to the webserver hosting the information that the user wants. A reverse proxy serves as an intermediary, detaching this webserver from direct connections with the internet's open.

From the perspective of a user the experience of working with reverse proxy is not different than interacting with your website server directly. It's basically the same, but the client cannot recognize the difference. The client sends a request for an item and gets it without any further configuration required from the user.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  Security centralized on webservers.
  
  
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  Direction of the traffic that is coming in is determined by rules you set up.
  
  
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  The caching functionality was added to the application.
  
  

Although central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. Reverse proxies offer this advantage only to the server layer, not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls that are on the web servers layer that may contain multiple servers with various configurations, the majority of firewall security is placed in the reverse proxy layer. Additionally, removing the burden of interfacing with firewalls as well as dealing with requests from clients who do not have web servers allows them to concentrate on the requirements of their customers.

In the event that there's a multitude of servers running within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is responsible for the direction of which requests are directed to which servers. There could be multiple web servers providing the exact same service, but having different resources or a mixture of both. They may use an HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, however they can also be equipped with applications server protocols such as FastCGI. It is possible to configure reverse proxy services to redirect users to specific servers based on the request for resource, or adhere to certain guidelines regarding the volume of traffic.

Reverse proxies also benefit from their location on top of web servers, as they have the ability to cache data. The large static files can be created by using caching rules in order to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. Some solutions allowing the delivery of static files directly without having to connect to a website server at all. Additionally reverse proxy has the capability to compress these assets.

The popular Nginx web server can also function as an extremely popular reverse proxy option. Even though Apache is also a reverse proxy solution but the Apache web server has a reverse proxy capability as an extra option for Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and is focused on the reverse proxy feature.

Differentiating the use of forward and reverse proxy Examples

Since "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with the notion of directionality and false comparisons to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic can be confusing because both kinds of proxies deal with the process of responding to requests. An alternative approach to distinguish between forward and reverse proxy is to look at the specifications of the application you're creating.

Reverse proxy is helpful in the design of a solution to provide web-based applications over the internet. They are your web servers when you are on the internet.

Forward proxy can be beneficial when it is put before clients for personal use, or even in a working environment. Forward proxy is a representation of the traffic of your client whenever you connect to the internet.

The use of case-based distinction rather than focusing on the most common naming conventions can help in avoidance of confusion.

Conclusion

This article clarified the definition of a proxy by comparing the two main types that are forward and the reverse proxy. Examples of practical use and a discussion of most beneficial features were used to distinguish between forward and reverse proxies. If you're interested in exploring the benefits in proxy server, follow our guide on how to set up Nginx as an Internet server and reverse proxy to Apache on an Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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