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The term "proxy" is a reference to the fact that a proxy or proxy server. A proxy server is a software that functions as mediator between client and server over the internet. Without the need for proxy servers, a user could make a request for the resource directly to a server, and then the server will provide an answer directly for the requester. Although this approach is simple to understand and implement with proxies, it can provide advantages in terms of improved performance and privacy, security and much more. As an additional layer of passing through, proxies serve as a security safeguard for the internet between servers and clients.

It is generally accepted that the mix of hardware for servers as well as proxy software is generally called proxy servers. This article will focus on proxy servers that are typically described as software, as well as being used in conjunction with web servers. The article will provide details of the two types: namely a forward proxy and reverse proxy. reverse proxy. Each kind of proxy has its own scenario, which is often misunderstood due to the similar namesake convention.

This article will provide the knowledge of what proxies and subtypes can do and how they can perform in the most common configurations. After reading this article, it will be able identify situations in which using proxies can be beneficial, and choose the best choice between forward proxy and reverse proxy depending on the situation.

Understanding Forward Proxies

Forward proxy, also known as an open proxy is a proxy for users who are trying to send an online request to an source server. In this instance, the entire attempt to send requests from the client is instead routed through the forward proxy. Forward proxy acting in the place of the client, will scrutinize the request. It first decides if the client is authorized to submit requests through this specific forward proxy. It then decides whether to refuse requests or redirect them to the original server. The client doesn't have a direct connection to the internet. It can access only what the forward proxy permits it to connect to.

The most common reason to use forward proxy is the need for more privacy or security online. The forward proxy is connected to the internet, not the client, and in this process, it uses an IP address that is distinct from the IP address that the user is using.

Based on how it was set up the forward proxy will offer various functions based upon the way it's configured and allows you to:

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  Beware of Ad-trackers.
  
  
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  Circumvent surveillance.
  
  
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  Find restrictions based on your area.
  
  

Forward proxies are also employed in systems that offer security centrally and access based on permissions like in workplaces. If all internet traffic is routed via an open forward proxy the administrator can limit access only to a select group of clients to the internet, which is then filtered by a standard firewall. Instead of setting up firewalls at the client layer, which could comprise multiple computers with different settings and users the firewall can be set up at the layer which forwards proxy traffic.

It is important to be aware of the fact that forward proxy servers need to be manually configured for use, and reverse proxies may be ignored in the eyes of the user. Depending on the type of the IP address that the user, it is sent to the server from which it originated by forward proxy privacy and anonymity may be granted or hidden.

There are numerous alternatives to think about when it comes to forward proxy choices:

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  Apache is an well-known open-source web server that provides forward proxy features.
  
  
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  Nginx: Another well-known open source web server that comes with the ability to forward-proxy.
  
  
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  Squid is a forward-proxy open source that uses an HTTP protocol. It isn't part of the complete web server system. There is a video tutorial on how you can use Squid proxy to permit private connections on Ubuntu 20.04.
  
  
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  Dante Forward proxy that utilizes the SOCKS protocol instead of HTTP which makes it more suited for scenarios such as peer-to-peer communication. It is also possible to discover how to configure Dante proxy to permit private connections in Ubuntu 20.04
  
  

Understanding Reverse Proxies

A reverse proxy acts as the agent of a web server that handles requests from users for. The web server could consist of a single server or even multiple servers. It can also function for application servers such as Gunicorn. In all cases, the request will be made via the internet, generally. In most cases, the request will be made directly to the server that hosts the information that the user is looking for. A reverse proxy functions as an intermediary, detaching this webserver from direct connections with the open internet.

From the point of view of the user, the experience of working with reverse proxy is no distinct from connecting to your website server directly. It's basically the same however the client is unable to be able to discern the difference. The client makes a request for an item and receives it without any further configuration required by the client.

Reverse proxy providers provide features like:

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  Security centralized on webservers.
  
  
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  It is the direction in which traffic that is coming in is determined by rules you set up.
  
  
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  The caching functionality is now available to users.
  
  

While central security is a benefit of both forward and reverse proxy servers. However, reverse proxy services provide this advantage only to the server layer, not to the client layer. instead of the maintenance of firewalls that are on the web server layer which may comprise several servers that have different configurations, the bulk in firewall protection is centered at the layer of reverse proxy. Furthermore, taking the burden of dealing with firewalls and responding to requests from clients who do not have web servers allows them to concentrate on the requirements of their customers.

When there's multiple servers operating within a reverse proxy the reverse proxy is also accountable for directing the requests directed to which servers. There could be several web servers providing the exact same service, but each having different resources or a combination of both. They can utilize their HTTP protocol to serve as a standard web server, however they can also be equipped with application server protocols like FastCGI. It is possible to set up reverse proxy servers to direct users to specific servers according to the requested resource, or to adhere to specific guidelines for the amount of traffic.

Reverse proxies also benefit from their position above web servers, by providing the ability to cache data. Massive static resources can be configured using caching rules to prevent the web server from being hit with each request. Some solutions allowing you to deliver static files directly without having to connect to the web server in any way. Furthermore reverse proxy has the capability to compress these files.

The popular Nginx web server also functions as a well-known reverse proxy solution. While Apache is also a reverse proxy service however, Apache is a reverse proxy service. Apache web server has a reverse proxy capability as an added option for Apache while Nginx was initially designed for and is focused exclusively on its reverse proxy function.

Distinguishing Between Forward and Reverse Proxy Examples

Because "forward" as well as "reverse" are associated with a sense of directionality, and false comparisons are made to "incoming" and "outgoing" traffic can be confusing since both types of proxies deal with the process of responding to requests. The best way to differentiate between reverse and forward proxy is to examine the requirements of the application you're creating.

A reverse proxy can be useful in the development of a solution to provide web-based services over the internet. They serve as your web servers when you are on the internet.

Forward proxy can be beneficial when placed in front of clients for personal use, or even in a working environment. Forward proxy is a representation of your client's traffic whenever you connect to the internet.

The use case-based differentiation instead of using the most common naming conventions can help in eliminating confusion.

Conclusion

The article delineated the meaning of a proxy using two main types of proxy: the forward proxy as well as the reverse one. Examples of how to use them as well as a discussion of most effective features were employed to differentiate between reverse and forward proxies. If you're interested to learn more about the use of proxy servers, you can read our tutorial on how to set up Nginx as an internet proxy and reverse proxy to Apache using Ubuntu 20.04. Ubuntu 20.04 server.

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