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Planar Magnetic Loudspeakers and Ribbon Tweeters

Planar magnetic drivers and ribbon tweeters provide a number of advantages over traditional dynamic speakers. Their diaphragms are comparatively large and require very little movement (excursion) to reproduce the same sound quality as a traditional driver, which results in extremely low distortion.

They also exhibit dipolar radiation patterns, meaning that they radiate equally in front and behind the speaker.

High-Resolution Sound

Ribbon and planar magnetic speakers are renowned for their ability to create precise, clear sound. They are renowned for their ability to produce high-resolution sound and reveal subtle nuances in the music that other drivers can't reproduce or reveal.

In addition to their impressive accuracy in sound reproduction, planar and ribbon drivers provide superior sound staging, allowing them to reproduce an expansive soundstage with exceptional clarity. Audiophiles and home theater enthusiasts as well as audiophiles will find them be a fantastic option.

Planar and ribbon drivers can be distinguished by their dipole pattern. The pattern emitted equal amounts of energy in the front and back, with an inverted phase, resulting in a natural soundstage. Their broad dispersion and dipole radiation pattern makes them ideal for large spaces, where they are able to create an open and natural soundstage.

Planar magnetic drivers have a quick response time that allows them to reproduce transients more precisely and faster than cone drivers. This results in a detailed and crisp sound, even at very high frequencies.

Another benefit of planar magnetic drivers is their low distortion. This is due to the fact that they do not employ a voice coil, but rather an electrostatic field. This allows the diaphragm to move without creating vibrations that can cause unwanted distortion.

A planar driver also has a much larger gap between the magnets than a cone speaker. This results in a better bass performance and a greater frequency response even at low levels of amplitude.

Although many of the advantages of planar magnetic drivers are appealing but they do have a few limitations that must be thought about. They can be costly and require more power compared to other types of speakers. They are also heavy, making difficult to fit into specific spaces. Furthermore, they can be sensitive to room acoustics and require extensive room treatments to ensure the best performance. There are solutions to lessen the issues. For instance you can add an attenuation resistance (provided by speakers) and put it in the attenuation mode. Or, you can apply a variety of room treatment.

Wide Dispersion

Planar magnetic speakers also produce sound by regulating the flow of electrical currents through wires that are suspended between magnets. They vibrate a flat, conductive membrane directly, instead of using an electrostatic charge. This results in a larger surface area and more precise. This principle of operation also makes it possible to build them into smaller, less expensive headphones and speakers than electrostatic models.

Planar drivers are not just capable of dispersing sound efficiently, but also deliver a higher quality image and clarity at higher frequencies. This is a huge benefit for audiophiles who enjoy listening to their favourite movies or music in an expansive living room or other open space.

Moreover the planar drivers are capable of producing very deep bass because they can be augmented by boxed woofers which are attached to or independent of the ribbon-like diaphragm. This is in contrast to traditional cone-type speakers that feature woofers that are located at the bottom, which cannot reproduce bass frequencies due to the physical limitations of woofer enclosures.

A planar driver has a low distortion rate, which is directly proportional to the size and movement of the diaphragm. A planar speaker is able create a large volume of sound with no distortion. This is the reason that the sound quality is so clear and detailed.

Dynamic drivers found in conventional speakers and headphone typically exhibit significant distortion when they are driven to their maximum excursion limits. Dynamic drivers can give an unnatural or booming sound.

Additionally, planar magnetic drivers are also extremely efficient. They are less energy-intensive to drive, which results in a reduced energy consumption and a less negative impact on the environment. Their diaphragms, which are typically smaller than traditional speakers, also decrease the energy needed to propel them in order to produce a certain sound pressure.

Many audiophiles are familiar with planar/ribbon loudspeakers - particularly the ones made by Magnepan, Infinity, and Apogee Acoustics - a new generation of brands are making their debut. New planar closed back headphones loudspeakers from manufacturers such as Clarisys Audio and Diptyque, Planar Magnetic Loudspeakers for instance, feature the most recent advancements in ribbon technology.

Low Distortion

Since planar magnetic speakers don't feature a cone- or dome shaped diaphragm they produce extremely low distortion. This is due to their unique design, which eliminates the voice coil inductance which is associated with dynamic driver drivers for speakers. (See U.S. patent 6,353,560). This results in the diaphragm not being out of phase with its surroundings magnetic field, resulting in an unchanging output level. Typically, distortion only occurs when large amplitude waveforms are reproduced. With a planar magnetic closed back headphones magnetic single-ended driver, distortion is almost impossible at all frequencies that are above the bass.

Planar magnetic loudspeakers are very efficient and have a very low distortion. This lets the drive use much less energy than other technologies for speakers. This translates into lower costs of ownership as well as less energy consumption.

The distortion of planar magnetic drivers is considerably less than traditional dynamic speakers, and even more so for electrostatic speakers. This is due to the fact that the flat diaphragm is equipped with a conductor trace that allows it to react to magnetic fields created on either side.

The two magnets have to be carefully positioned so that the voice element stays in the magnetic field optimally at all times. This is what enables the extremely linear performance of planar magnetic drivers at all frequencies that go beyond the bass.

There are numerous benefits to planar magnetic drivers, the most important is that they are able to be designed to be either dipole (radiating equally and in opposite phases in front and back of the speaker similar to an ESL) or monopole (radiating forward, Planar magnetic loudspeakers more like a traditional dynamic). This permits a wide range of designs, particularly when paired with using a ribbon-tweeter.

A variety of planar magnetic loudspeakers are available today from companies like Hifiman, Dan Clark, Audeze, and Fostex. Each company has a signature sound, which is a result from their patented design of drivers as well as other engineering breakthroughs. The commonality of these speakers is their amazing clarity, dynamics and controlled directivity.

High Power Handling

Planar magnetic drivers can handle large amounts of power without the audible strain or stress that can be induced by traditional moving coil dynamic speakers. This is due to the fact that the "voice coil" is distributed over an expansive area instead of being squeezed into a small gap between the basket and cone like traditional dynamic drivers. This provides the voice coil with more surface area to help disperse heat efficiently.

Planar drivers can handle such a large amount of power because they are so light in comparison to conventional drivers. Dynamic drivers feature diaphragms that are heavy and thick. They are several orders of magnitude thicker and heavier than the ultra-light diaphragms that are found in planar magnetic drives. Because of their high mass, these diaphragms require a much larger amount of force to move between them (a measure referred to as excursion) in order to produce a given level of sound pressure.

In the end they aren't able to be used as effectively as the planar magnetic driver because the voice coil will begin to produce significant amounts of distortion. This is the reason it's essential to buy only speakers that are designed for the amplifier you plan to drive them with.

A planar magnetic driver's large excursion enables it to create an even larger soundstage than conventional drivers. This is because the entire diaphragm vibrates to create an even, flat wavefront, rather than the more centered spherical wavefront found in conventional drivers. This larger soundstage improves the accuracy and clarity of the speakers and allows them to reproduce subtle nuances and more complex sound effects.

The disadvantage of the superior power handling capabilities of planar magnetic drivers is that they are often more expensive to manufacture and require higher-powered amplifiers to operate at maximum capacity. They can also be heavy and large which makes them difficult to install in some locations. You may also need to install a separate subwoofer in order to get satisfactory results at lower frequencies.